Sample پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی کپنهاگ (CBI)

What does the CBI measure?

Burnout as prolonged physical and psychological exhaustion, in three separate scales: personal burnout (6 items, for everyone), work-related burnout (7 items, for people in work) and client-related burnout (6 items, for people who work with patients, students, customers or other clients). It was built in the Danish PUMA study of human-service workers and is used in organisational and occupational-health research.

Number of items

19

Time to complete

3–5 minutes

Score range

0 to 100 for each scale

Reversed items

13

Response scale

Five options: "always, often, sometimes, seldom, never/almost never" for frequency items and "to a very high degree, to a high degree, somewhat, to a low degree, to a very low degree" for items 7–9 and 14–17

Authors

Tage Kristensen, Marianne Borritz, Ebbe Villadsen and Karl Christensen, 2005 (Danish National Institute of Occupational Health)

Scoring the CBI

1. 1.Always or to a very high degree = 100, often or to a high degree = 75, sometimes or somewhat = 50, seldom or to a low degree = 25, never/almost never or to a very low degree = 0.
2. 2.Item 13 ("Do you have enough energy for family and friends during leisure time?") is reverse-scored: always = 0 … never = 100.
3. 3.Each scale score is the average of its items (0 to 100): personal items 1–6, work-related 7–13, client-related 14–19. The three scales are analysed separately; there is no single total score.
4. 4.Per the authors, a scale with fewer than three answered items (four for the work scale) is not scored; in this template every item is required.
5. 5.The third part is opened or skipped by an unscored routing question ("Do you deal directly with clients?"). As the authors advise, replace "clients" with the word used in that job (patients, students, customers).
6. 6.In this template each option's stored value is its score, so the SPSS export codes every item with its score (item 13 already reversed); three hidden calculated fields build the averages and their levels.

Interpreting CBI scores

The threshold of 50 comes from the PUMA data published by the authors: by this definition 22.2% of employees had high personal burnout, 19.8% high work burnout and 15.9% high client burnout. It is not a clinical cut-off; in research, analyse the scores as continuous and compare them with reference means (for example 32.7 for personal burnout among Danish adults).

CBI validity and reliability

• In the PUMA study of 1,917 human-service employees (83% women), Cronbach's alpha was .87 for personal, .87 for work-related and .85 for client-related burnout.
• In a representative sample of Danish adults aged 20–59 (1,498 people), the mean personal-burnout score was 32.7 (SD 15.7) and Cronbach's alpha was .80.
• Borritz et al. (2006), at the PUMA baseline (2,391 employees), reported that work burnout correlated negatively with job satisfaction (−.51) and positively with quantitative demands (.48), and that sickness absence was 13.9 days in the highest work-burnout quartile versus 6.0 in the lowest.

Source and translation

Original instrument: Tage Kristensen, Marianne Borritz, Ebbe Villadsen and Karl Christensen, 2005 (Danish National Institute of Occupational Health)

• Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207.
• Borritz, M., Rugulies, R., Bjorner, J. B., Villadsen, E., Mikkelsen, O. A., & Kristensen, T. S. (2006). Burnout among employees in human service work: Design and baseline findings of the PUMA study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 49–58.
• Borritz, M., & Kristensen, T. S. (2004). Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: Normative data from a representative Danish population on personal burnout and results from the PUMA study on personal burnout, work burnout, and client burnout. National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen.

The Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA) states that the CBI may be used freely for non-commercial and commercial purposes, provided the source is clearly cited: Borritz et al. (2006).

Translated by Porsino; for formal research, cite a validated (normed) Persian version.