Sample پرسشنامه سلامت روانی کییز (MHC-SF)

What does the MHC-SF measure?

Positive mental health over the past month in three dimensions: emotional well-being (happiness, interest and satisfaction), social well-being (contribution, integration, actualisation, acceptance and coherence) and psychological well-being (self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations, growth, autonomy and purpose). It treats mental health as more than the absence of illness and places each person on a continuum from languishing to flourishing.

Number of items

14

Time to complete

About 3 minutes

Score range

Total 0 to 70; emotional 0 to 15, social 0 to 25, psychological 0 to 30

Reversed items

None

Response scale

Six options: never (0), once or twice (1), about once a week (2), about 2 or 3 times a week (3), almost every day (4), every day (5)

Authors

Corey Keyes, 2002; short form: Keyes, 2005 and 2009

Scoring the MHC-SF

1. 1.Never = 0, once or twice = 1, about once a week = 2, about 2 or 3 times a week = 3, almost every day = 4, every day = 5; there are no reversed items.
2. 2.Emotional well-being: items 1–3. Social well-being: items 4–8. Psychological well-being: items 9–14. The total is the sum of the fourteen items (0 to 70).
3. 3."Flourishing": at least one of the three emotional items and at least six of the eleven items 4–14 answered "every day" or "almost every day". "Languishing": at least one of the three emotional items and at least six of the eleven items 4–14 answered "never" or "once or twice". Everyone else is "moderately mentally healthy".
4. 4.This template calculates the total, the three subscales and each respondent's category automatically, each in its own Excel and SPSS column.

Interpreting MHC-SF scores

Keyes gives this categorical diagnosis rule in his official description of the MHC-SF (2009); the continuous score (0 to 70) can also be used in research. Languishing means the absence of positive mental health, not a mental illness.

MHC-SF validity and reliability

• According to Keyes (2009), each of the three subscales has internal consistency above .80, and the three-factor structure (emotional, social and psychological) has been confirmed in US adults, college students and adolescents.
• Four-week test–retest correlations (as cited by Keyes, 2009): emotional .64, social .71 and psychological .57.
• Lamers et al. (2011) confirmed the three-factor structure in a Dutch sample of 1,662 people.

Source and translation

Original instrument: Corey Keyes, 2002; short form: Keyes, 2005 and 2009

• Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207–222.
• Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548.
• Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). Brief description of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Atlanta: Emory University.
• Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2011). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 99–110.

In his official description of the MHC-SF (2009), Keyes states that although the scale is copyrighted it may be used as long as proper credit is given, that permission is not needed, and that individual requests are not answered because permission is granted in that note.

Translated by Porsino; for formal research, cite a validated (normed) Persian version.